Continuity of inf function
Let X,Y be topological spaces, Y is compact and f:X\times Y\to \mathbb{R} be a continuous function. Define g(x)=\inf_{y\in Y}f(x,y)
Then g is continuous.
\textbf{Proof}. It is enough to check that for all real a the sets g^{-1}((-\infty,a)) and g^{-1}((a,\infty)) are both open in X.
First rewrite g^{-1}((-\infty,a))=\{x\in X\ | \ \inf_{y\in Y}f(x,y)<a\}=\{x\in X\ | \ \exists y\in Y, f(x,y)<a\}.
Observe that
\{x\in X\ | \ \exists y\in Y, f(x,y)<a\}=\bigcup_{y_0\in Y}\{x\in X\ | \ f(x,y_0)<a\}.
Now g^{-1}((a,\infty))=\{x\in X\ | \ \inf_{y\in Y}f(x,y)>a\}.
Denote V_n=\left\{x\in X\ | \ \forall y\in Y,\ f(x,y)> a+\frac{1}{n}\right\}
V=\{x\in X\ | \ \forall y\in Y,\ f(x,y)> b\}.
Assume V is nonempty and let \hat{x}\in V. Since f is continuous, for any \bar{y}\in Y there are open neighbourhoods U_\bar{y} of \hat{x} and W_\bar{y} of \bar{y} such that for any (x,y)\in U_\bar{y}\times W_\bar{y}, f(x,y)>b. The sets W_\bar{y} form an open cover of Y and so we may choose y_1,\ldots,y_n\in Y such that the sets W_{y_i} also cover Y. Let \displaystyle U=\bigcap_i U_{y_i}. Thus U is nonempty (\hat{x}\in U) open set. Let x\in U and y\in Y. Thus y\in W_{y_i} for some i, and so (x,y)\in U_{y_i}\times W_{y_i} hence f(x,y)>b. Hence x\in V. This means that U is an open neighbourhood of \hat{x} which is contained in V. Thus V is open.
Then g is continuous.
\textbf{Proof}. It is enough to check that for all real a the sets g^{-1}((-\infty,a)) and g^{-1}((a,\infty)) are both open in X.
First rewrite g^{-1}((-\infty,a))=\{x\in X\ | \ \inf_{y\in Y}f(x,y)<a\}=\{x\in X\ | \ \exists y\in Y, f(x,y)<a\}.
Observe that
\{x\in X\ | \ \exists y\in Y, f(x,y)<a\}=\bigcup_{y_0\in Y}\{x\in X\ | \ f(x,y_0)<a\}.
Since f is continuous, the function h_{y_0}(x)=f(x,y_0) is continuous as well. This means that the set \{x\in X\ | \ f(x,y_0)<a\} is open (being preimage of the open interval (-\infty,a) under the continuous function h_{y_0}). Hence \{x\in X\ | \ \exists y\in Y, f(x,y)<a\} is a union of open sets - thus it is open.
Now g^{-1}((a,\infty))=\{x\in X\ | \ \inf_{y\in Y}f(x,y)>a\}.
Denote V_n=\left\{x\in X\ | \ \forall y\in Y,\ f(x,y)> a+\frac{1}{n}\right\}
so that \displaystyle\bigcup_n V_n=\{x\in X\ | \ \inf_{y\in Y}f(x,y)>a\}. Thus it suffices to prove that all of the V_n are open. Fix n and for brevity V=V_n and \displaystyle b=a+\frac{1}{n}. We write
V=\{x\in X\ | \ \forall y\in Y,\ f(x,y)> b\}.
Assume V is nonempty and let \hat{x}\in V. Since f is continuous, for any \bar{y}\in Y there are open neighbourhoods U_\bar{y} of \hat{x} and W_\bar{y} of \bar{y} such that for any (x,y)\in U_\bar{y}\times W_\bar{y}, f(x,y)>b. The sets W_\bar{y} form an open cover of Y and so we may choose y_1,\ldots,y_n\in Y such that the sets W_{y_i} also cover Y. Let \displaystyle U=\bigcap_i U_{y_i}. Thus U is nonempty (\hat{x}\in U) open set. Let x\in U and y\in Y. Thus y\in W_{y_i} for some i, and so (x,y)\in U_{y_i}\times W_{y_i} hence f(x,y)>b. Hence x\in V. This means that U is an open neighbourhood of \hat{x} which is contained in V. Thus V is open.
Comments
Post a Comment